It occurs only on soil derived from gabbro rock of the Pine Hill Formation ( Wilson, 1986 Hunter & Horenstein, 1991 USFWS, 2002 Wilson et al., 2009). El Dorado bedstraw occurs mainly in the understory of forest and chaparral habitat ( Soza, 2012). sierrae Dempster and Stebbins (hereafter referred to by its common name, El Dorado bedstraw) is a federally endangered perennial herb found only in the Pine Hill region of El Dorado County, CA, USA ( Fig. It is recommended that clonality and small-scale population differentiation be taken into account in conservation measures. Insect pollinators were from eleven families, consisting mainly of small species with weak flight. Significant isolation by distance among locations was detected using a Mantel test. A total of 23 clonal colonies were detected across 82 successfully sequenced stems, consisting of an average of 2.4 individuals (range: 2–6). Visual observation of insect visitors at every sampling location was used to assess the potential for pollen transfer within and among locations. Genomic data was used to calculate population genetic statistics and quantify the degree to which clonality affects the sampled populations.
Here, double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing was used to develop a genetic dataset for a sample of El Dorado bedstraw (12 individuals from each of seven locations). No previous work has examined either the population genetics or pollination biology of this plant. The capacity for asexual reproduction has conservation implications for this plant, due to the potential for populations to become dominated by a small number of clones in the absence of recruitment from seeds. El Dorado bedstraw is also dioecious, and thus dependent on pollinators to transfer pollen from male to female stems. Like many species of Galium, El Dorado bedstraw is capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction, spreading via stem-layering as well as seeds. sierrae) is a federally endangered dioecious, octoploid, perennial herb found only in the Pine Hill region of El Dorado County, CA, USA. sierrae Rubiaceae) PeerJ 8: e10042 Įl Dorado bedstraw ( Galium californicum subsp. Conservation genomics and pollination biology of an endangered, edaphic-endemic, octoploid herb: El Dorado bedstraw ( Galium californicum subsp. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA DOI 10.7717/peerj.10042 Published Accepted Received Academic Editor Mike Thiv Subject Areas Conservation Biology, Ecology, Genomics, Plant Science, Population Biology Keywords Asexual, ddRAD, El Dorado county, Nuclear genome, Pine Hill, Rare Copyright © 2020 Burge Licence This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed.
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